Ventilation Tips in the Winter Greenhouse (2024)

While this may seem reasonable to novice greenhouse growers, experienced growers know this is a recipe for disaster.

Winter greenhouses require a minimum ventilation rate to discharge solar heat gain, provide carbon dioxide for plant growth, and reduce humidity (without losing too much heat energy) in the greenhouse structure. A greenhouse typically requires 20 to 30 percent of the summer ventilation requirement in the winter. This translates to 1.5 to 2.5 cubic feet per minute per square foot of greenhouse floor space.

When cool air is introduced into the greenhouse, it must be introduced at a slow rate and must be mixed with warm air before contacting the growing crops. Natural airflow can meet this ventilation requirement, or growers can use a low-speed fan to pull cooler air into the greenhouse environment.

Horizontal Air Flow (HAF) fans are used in most modern greenhouses to circulate air and to wick moisture away from the crop canopy to minimize diseases like Botrytis (Gray mold). In the fall and winter, cool air enters through a motorized inlet or louver and is mixed into the air by the HAF fans. A low-flow rate exhaust fan opposite the motorized inlet or louver removes warm moist air.

Fan-perforated tube systems are still used in some greenhouses and are very effective for cooling and reducing the humidity in the fall and winter greenhouse. Fan-perforated tube systems are designed to pull cool air through a motorized inlet behind the circulation fan. The cool outside air is mixed thoroughly with the warm interior air through the distribution tube. A low-flow rate exhaust fan is positioned in the opposite greenhouse endwall. The first stage of exhaust ventilation should be less than 10 to 20 percent of the fan-perforated tube system capacity to prevent cold air from being pulled directly onto the crops below.

For additional information on greenhouse production, please reach out to Penn State Extension Greenhouse team members Sinclair Adam, Krystal Snyder, or Tom Ford.

(Adapted from Greenhouse Heating, Circulation, and Ventilations Systems, Bulletin 351 University of Maryland Cooperative Extension Service by Dr. David Ross)

Ventilation Tips in the Winter Greenhouse (2024)

FAQs

Ventilation Tips in the Winter Greenhouse? ›

A low-flow rate exhaust fan opposite the motorized inlet or louver removes warm moist air. Fan-perforated tube systems are still used in some greenhouses and are very effective for cooling and reducing the humidity in the fall and winter greenhouse.

How to ventilate a greenhouse in winter? ›

This can be accomplished by natural means with curtains and vents or mechanically with fans and shutters. Ventilation systems, regardless of the type, should be sized to meet the demand of each of the growing seasons.

What is the proper ventilation in a greenhouse? ›

Air movement in the greenhouse should be between 0.2 and 0.7 metres per second. If carbon dioxide levels are not maintained, plant growth is affected. Ventilation is about air exchange. Large volumes of air need to be moved during hot conditions.

Where should a greenhouse vent be placed? ›

Ideally, there should be at least one large vent placed near or on the roof of the greenhouse in order to allow heat to escape. There should also be several vents placed around the perimeter of the greenhouse, near the base. This allows for the best, most natural type of ventilation – cross-ventilation.

What are three methods used to cool or ventilate a greenhouse? ›

Three types of ventilation systems can be distinguished: natural, forced-air, and evaporative cooling. Natural ventilation is driven by two mechanisms, namely the pressure field induced by the wind around the greenhouse and the buoyancy force induced by the warmer and more humid air in the greenhouse.

How do you naturally ventilate a greenhouse? ›

Wind plays the major role. In a well-designed greenhouse, a wind speed of 2-3 miles/hour provides 80% or more of the ventilation. Wind passing over the roof creates a vacuum and sucks the heated air out the vent. If sidewall vents are open, cool replacement air enters and drops to the floor level.

How to set up greenhouse ventilation? ›

Set up your roof and side vents on opposite sides to promote a gentle cross breeze. Make sure nothing outside, like buildings or plants, blocks them. Monitor your vents to ensure they stay clear and work smoothly so your greenhouse always has fresh, circulating air.

What is the best ventilation system for a greenhouse? ›

Natural greenhouse ventilation can be achieved through: Roof Vents: These are openings located at the top of the greenhouse structure, allowing hot air to escape and promoting natural convection. Roll Up Sidewalls: Sidewalls that roll up facilitating cross-ventilation and the exchange of fresh air.

How much venting does a greenhouse need? ›

A rule-of-thumb is the total combined ridge vent area and the total combined sidewall vent area should each be around 20% of the floor area. So, if your greenhouse is 10 feet wide x 20 feet long, for example, that would make the floor area 200 square feet. 20% of 200 feet is 40 feet.

What is the cheapest way to cool a greenhouse? ›

In places with high winds, expect to replace your shade cloth every few years. Ventilating the greenhouse is the easiest and cheapest way to cool a greenhouse, and should be used whenever outdoor air temperatures allow.

How do you calculate ventilation in a greenhouse? ›

Total HAF circulating fan capacity (cubic feet/min) = 2 x greenhouse floor area (square feet). Example: 30' x 100' hoophouse HAF = 2 x 30' x 100' = 6,000 cfm Install four – 12” diameter, 1/10 horsepower circulating fans with a capacity of 1550 cfm each.

How do you ventilate a greenhouse without electricity? ›

This can be done with the help of roof vents, side vents, and the greenhouse door. Keeping the vents and doors open on summer days and warm nights will regulate the temperature and the air will be replaced every few minutes.

What temperature is too cold for a greenhouse? ›

It depends on the plants. Tropicals and subtropicals can't survive freezing temps below 32°F. An unheated greenhouse can maintain temperatures warmer than outside ambient air, protecting plants down to around 20°F. Monitoring conditions is important.

How to stop condensation in a greenhouse in winter? ›

Bottom heat will improve air circulation inside plant canopies and will help to prevent condensation on leaf surfaces. The warm air that rises creates air movement around the plants. Bottom heat also keeps the plant surfaces warm, preventing condensation on the plants.

Does a DIY greenhouse need ventilation? ›

Your DIY greenhouse kit needs to be well-ventilated to allow fresh air to circulate. This is a good way to prevent the build-up of moisture. You can improve airflow by installing vents, exhaust fans, and louvers in your greenhouse structure.

How do you use an unheated greenhouse in the winter? ›

If you're starting cold weather crops, you may not even need heat so much as humidity. If you have a small enough space, you can provide some protection from the cold with just an old sheet or frost cloth draped over the top. You don't have to limit your space to warm-weather crops at all.

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